Biblical scholars have various opinions about when and by whom the Book of Exodus was composed.  The most conservative authors maintain that Moses himself authored the book around 1300 BCE.  Others speculate that it was written in the sixth century BCE, when the Jews were interned in Babylon.  Still others claim that King Josiah, of the seventh century BCE, wrote Exodus.  The only thing that remains relatively certain is that the oldest extant copy of Exodus is one of the ones discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls.



Archeologists date those scrolls to about 200 BCE, which places them more than a millennium after the supposed events they purport to describe.  Anyone giving implicit faith to the reliability of such sources is gullible indeed.

According to the version of Exodus that has come down to us, Jews were in servitude in Egypt for 430 years, with a final population of around 600,000.  Yet if all the accounts I have checked over the years are to be believed, there is not a single scrap of evidence attesting to this generations-long Jewish servitude or even to the presence at all of the Jews in Egypt at that time.  Egypt was a highly literate country, which kept a multitude of records, along with pictures, so it is inconceivable that there should not be a single mention of the Jews, of Israel or of Moses during the period in question (approximately 1730-1300 BCE), if they were indeed present.  The earliest mention of Israel is made in the Merneptah stela of about 1209 BCE, a hundred years after the


supposed time of the Exodus.  This stela says nothing that has anything to do with anything that is mentioned in Exodus.

The only reasonable explanation for this is that the Jews were not in Egypt at all, and that Exodus is a mere fable.  Why should I believe a few crumbling slips of papyrus found in a cave in 1947?

The author or authors of Exodus seem to have scant knowledge of Egypt and did not even mention the Pharaoh by name, though in some other parts of the Jewish Bible, Pharaohs are named.  One explanation could be that the author(s) didn’t know who was Pharaoh at the time they claimed to be chronicling, and were too wary to make a guess, lest later they be caught in a lie.

From what I have been able to learn, the two store cities mentioned in Exodus, namely Pithom and Ramesses, have never been positively identified.  Some researchers have attempted to link ruins in the area to these two cities, but this may be inconclusive.  I have never been able to ascertain whether Egyptian records document the existence of these cities by name, or whether they are named only in Exodus.  However, even if we assume that these were real cities, known to the Egyptians, we have no evidence that Jews were there at that time or any other time.  All that is known for sure is that they are mentioned in Exodus.

None of the stunning events described in Exodus, like turning the Nile to blood and opening the Red Sea, is mirrored in any of the Egyptian writings of the period.  A number of ‘researchers’, like Immanuel Velikhovsky, have attempted to connect Egyptian descriptions of floods, eruptions of volcanoes and the like to the events of Exodus, but most of these attempts are merely amusing.

One defense I often hear is the question, “Well, if the Jews didn’t come out of captivity in Egypt, where did they come from?”  I’m sure I don’t know, but there are a great number of possibilities.  It would seem more likely that Jews came from the east, where there were a variety of Semitic people who spoke languages closely related to Hebrew.  It takes no great scholar to appreciate that Hebrew and Assyrian were closely related, whereas Hebrew and Egyptian were only distantly related, if at all.  Just get the dictionaries out of your library and look them over.

So who wrote Exodus and why?  I don’t know, but one possibility seems to be that Jewish kings or rabbis invented the story to justify their own governance, much as medieval kings used Jesus to bolster their doctrine of the divine right of kings.

Conclusion: Moses was mythical.

	Web useless-knowledge.com